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Machine Vision System Composition and Application Technology
04-28
A typical machine vision system generally includes: light source, optical system, camera, image processing unit (or frame grabber), image analysis and processing software, monitor, communication / input / output unit, etc.
-Image Acquisition
The acquisition of the image actually converts the visual image and intrinsic features of the measured object into data that can be processed by the computer, which directly affects the stability and reliability of the system. Generally, a light source, an optical system, a camera, an image processing unit (or an image capture card) are used to acquire an image of the measured object.
-light source
The light source and the important factors that affect the input of the machine vision system, because it directly affects the quality of the input data and at least 30% of the application effect. Since there is no universal machine vision lighting equipment, for each specific application example, the corresponding lighting device should be selected to achieve the best effect. Many industrial machine vision systems use visible light as the light source, mainly because visible light is easily available, inexpensive, and easy to operate. Several commonly used visible light sources are white flag lamps, fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps and sodium lamps. However, one of the biggest disadvantages of these light sources is that light energy cannot be kept stable. Take the fluorescent lamp as an example, in the first 100 hours of use, the light energy will drop by 15%. As the use time increases, the light energy will continue to decline. Therefore, how to keep the light energy stable to a certain extent is an urgent problem to be solved in the practical process. On the other hand, ambient light will change the total light energy irradiated by these light sources on objects, so that the output image data is noisy. Generally, a method of adding a protective screen is adopted to reduce the impact of ambient light. Due to the above-mentioned problems, in today's industrial applications, for certain demanding detection tasks, invisible light such as X-rays and ultrasonic waves are often used as light sources.
The lighting system composed of light sources can be divided into: back lighting, forward lighting, structured light and strobe lighting according to its illumination method. Among them, the back illumination is that the object is placed between the light source and the camera, and its advantage is that it can obtain high-contrast images; the forward illumination is that the light source and the camera are located on the same side of the object, this way is easy to install; structure Light illumination is to project a grating or a linear light source onto the measured object, and demodulate the three-dimensional information of the measured object according to their distortion; stroboscopic illumination is to irradiate high-frequency light pulses onto the object, requiring The scanning speed is synchronized with the strobe speed of the light source.
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